组蛋白修饰在水稻中的研究进展

作为表观遗传学研究的重要内容,组蛋白修饰在维持真核生物基因组稳定性、基因表达调控和染色质结构等方面发挥重要作用.水稻是重要的粮食作物,也是科学研究的模式植物.近年来研究发现,组蛋白修饰参与了水稻生长发育、胁迫应答、产量以及品质形成等重要生物学性状的调控.因此,明确组蛋白修饰在水稻中的遗传和调控机制对于水稻遗传改良具有重...     

重组小麦组蛋白H4介导绿色荧光蛋白基因(pEGFP/C1)的转染

利用在大肠杆菌体内表达的重组小麦组蛋白H4与质粒DNA形成复合体后,通过琼脂糖凝胶电泳迁移试验(EMSA)验证重组蛋白与DNA的结合情况;MTT法检测蛋白对细胞的毒性作用;转染细胞后,激光共聚焦显微镜检测荧光蛋白的表达。此重组蛋白能很好地结合质粒DNA,且能有效地保护DNA分子不受核酸酶降解,并能高效地携带绿色荧光蛋白基因pEGFP/C1转染进入卵巢癌细胞株H08910。     

DNA甲基化与细胞分化

DNA甲基化与DNA遗传信息的传递及组织特异性基因的正确表达存在着十分密切的关系。DNA甲基化受组蛋白H 3和DNA甲基化转移酶的调控;甲基化的DNA与许多的蛋白质共同相互作用,调控基因转录,从而导致基因印迹和基因沉默,使细胞向特定方向分化。本文重点综述了DNA甲基化位点、甲基化转移酶及DNA甲基化相关的蛋白质;DNA甲基化与基因印记、基因沉默的关系及其对细胞分化的影响。     

玉米组蛋白H_3和H_4基因的克隆

本文以λEMBL3为克隆栽体,构建了玉米(Zea mays)基因组文库,通过人工合成的探针进行原位杂交和斑点杂交,从文库中筛选到4个含有组蛋白H_3基因的阳性克隆。另外,通过多聚酶链式反应(PCR),从玉米核DNA中扩增了组蛋白H_4基因。这些基因可以在转基因植物研究中作为辅助序列提高外源基因的整合频率。     

Activities of biotransformation enzymes in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) and their modulation by in vivo administration of mebendazole and flubendazole

Basal activities of certain pheasant hepatic and intestinal biotransformation enzymes and modulation of their activities by anthelmintics flubendazole (FLBZ) and mebendazole (MBZ) were investigated in subcellular fractions that were prepared from liver and small intestine of control and FLBZ or MBZ treated birds. Several oxidation, reduction and conjugation enzyme activities were assessed. In the liver, treatment of pheasants by FLBZ or MBZ caused very slight or no changes in monooxygenase activities and conjugation enzymes. More significative changes were detected in small intestine. Metyrapone and daunorubicin reductase activities were increased by both substances in the liver. This is the first evidence that certain benzimidazoles modulate reductases of carbonyl group. With respect to the relatively slight extent of the changes caused by FLBZ or MBZ we can assume that repeated administration of therapeutic doses of both FLBZ and MBZ has probably no serious influence on pheasant biotransformation enzyme system.     

昆虫组蛋白修饰的研究进展

组蛋白修饰作为表观遗传修饰的一种主要形式,对基因表达和表型调控具有重要作用。组蛋白修饰的N端尾区可通过乙酰化、甲基化、磷酸化等修饰来改变染色质的状态以及调控基因的表达。与脊椎动物相比,昆虫种类繁多,且有变态发育、表型复杂等特征,可以成为探索动物社会行为、发育调控和毒理作用等表观遗传基础的模型。本文总结了昆虫组蛋白修饰的主要类型（乙酰化和甲基化修饰）及修饰酶的研究进展,对染色质免疫共沉淀测序技术（chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing,ChIP-seq）、染色质转座酶可及性测序技术（assay for transposase-accessible chromatin with high-throughput sequencing,ATAC-seq）、转录组测序技术（RNA-seq）、组蛋白修饰酶功能验证以及Western blot、免疫细胞化学（immunocytochemistry,ICC）、免疫组织化学（immunohistochemistry,IHC）、酶联免疫吸附测定（enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA）等免疫学方法进行了介绍,并综述了昆虫组蛋白修饰的功能,以期为进一步研究昆虫组蛋白修饰提供借鉴和参考。同时对加强昆虫组蛋白修饰在种群水平、跨代遗传等方面的研究进行了展望。     

Treatment of canine haemangiosarcoma with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, a histone deacetylase inhibitor

A case report is presented by describing the treatment of a 12‐year‐old dog – diagnosed with haemangiosarcoma (HSA) – with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor. The drug was administered orally, on a daily basis, approximately 2 weeks post‐splenectomy at a dose of 3 mg kg^?1. HSA is a lethal malignancy of the endothelium, which is usually disseminated by the time it is diagnosed. Median survival time, usually, is no longer than 80 days. Following treatment with SAHA, no sign of malignant growth could be discerned by means of diagnostic abdominal ultrasound, chest X‐ray or with the help of clinical symptoms, over a period of >1000 days. The precise mechanism by which HDAC inhibitors exert their anti‐cancer effects is uncertain, but evidence suggests that exposure to SAHA generates hyperacetylated chromosomal histones, which, in turn, facilitates the expression of tumour suppressor genes turned off by epigenetic mechanisms during neoplastic transformation of the endothelium.